What philosophy emphasizes harmony, natural order, and the Dao?

• A. Confucianism
• B. Buddhism
• C. Daoism
• D. Legalism

Answer: (C)

Daoism is the philosophy that emphasizes harmony, natural order, and the concept of the Dao (or Tao). The Dao is understood as the fundamental principle that underlies and unites all aspects of the universe, representing the natural flow of the cosmos and the way in which all things interact in a balanced, harmonious manner.

Central to Daoism is the belief that human beings should align themselves with the Dao to achieve peace and harmony in their lives. This philosophy promotes a lifestyle that is in tune with nature, encouraging followers to embrace simplicity, spontaneity, and humility.

In contrast, Confucianism focuses more on social relationships, moral duties, and hierarchical structures rather than the natural order of the universe. Buddhism emphasizes the pursuit of enlightenment and the cessation of suffering, placing less importance on concepts like harmony in the natural world. Legalism advocates for strict laws and a strong centralized authority to maintain order, which diverges sharply from the Daoist ideals of harmony and natural governance. Thus, the principles of Daoism distinctly capture the essence of harmony and the natural order through the lens of the Dao.