What philosophy played a significant role in shaping Japanese military and political practices in the early 20th century?

• A. Confucianism
• B. Shintoism
• C. Bushido
• D. Loyalism

Answer: (C)

Bushido is the correct answer because it refers to the "way of the warrior," a code of conduct and set of values that emerged during the feudal period in Japan. This philosophy emphasized virtues such as loyalty, honor, discipline, and self-sacrifice, which were integral to the samurai class. In the early 20th century, as Japan underwent significant military expansion and modernization, the principles of Bushido re-emerged in both political rhetoric and military practices. The government harnessed this philosophy to inspire patriotic fervor and justify militaristic policies, promoting a strong sense of loyalty to the emperor and the nation.

The revival of Bushido during this period was evident in various aspects of Japanese society, including education and military training, where young men were taught to embody these virtues in service to their country. The glorification of samurai ideals thus became critical in rallying support for Japan's military endeavors, especially during conflicts such as the Russo-Japanese War and World War II.

While Confucianism and Shintoism also had influence in Japanese society, they played different roles. Confucianism mainly impacted socio-political ethics and family structure, while Shintoism focused more on spirituality, rituals, and the worship of kami (de