What term refers to family controlled organizations that dominated Japanese businesses after industrialization?

• A. Zabatsu
• B. Zaibatsu
• C. Shoin
• D. Keiretsu

Answer: (A)

The term that refers to family-controlled organizations that dominated Japanese businesses after industrialization is "Zaibatsu." This term describes large family-owned conglomerates that were established in Japan during the Meiji period and played a crucial role in the country's rapid industrialization. The zaibatsu were characterized by their control of multiple businesses and sectors, often leveraging their wealth and political connections to influence national policies and drive economic growth.

The zaibatsu were integral in creating a modern economic framework in Japan, helping to establish infrastructure, factories, and banking systems that facilitated industrial progress. This concentration of economic power among a few families led to significant economic development but also raised questions about monopolistic practices and social inequality.

The other terms mentioned are related to different aspects of Japanese business or history but do not capture the specific family-controlled organization concept associated with the zaibatsu. For example, "keiretsu" refers to a later form of business conglomeration that emerged after World War II, which was more decentralized and involved a network of interlinked corporations. "Shoin" pertains more to an educational and literary concept and is not directly related to business organizations. Thus, "zaibatsu" is the most accurate term for the family-controlled organizations that dominated Japanese businesses during