What was the cultural movement known as during the 1960s in China that focused on preserving communist ideology?

• A. The Great Leap Forward
• B. The Cultural Revolution
• C. The Hundred Flowers Campaign
• D. The Long March

Answer: (B)

The cultural movement during the 1960s in China that focused on preserving communist ideology is known as the Cultural Revolution. Initiated by Mao Zedong in 1966, this movement aimed to enforce communism by removing capitalist, traditional, and cultural elements from Chinese society. It sought to instill a new socialist culture and ideology across the country, emphasizing the need for constant revolution and struggle against perceived bourgeois elements within the party and society.

The Cultural Revolution led to widespread social and political upheaval, including the persecution of intellectuals, destruction of cultural heritage, and the elevation of the power of young Red Guards. By promoting a radical interpretation of communist ideology, the movement profoundly impacted Chinese culture, education, and politics until it began to wind down in the 1970s.

In contrast, other options do not align with the specific goals of preserving communist ideology during this era. The Great Leap Forward was an economic campaign aimed at rapidly transforming China into a socialist society through collectivization, but it did not focus specifically on cultural aspects. The Hundred Flowers Campaign, which encouraged open expression of ideas, later led to a crackdown on dissent and was not a sustained cultural movement. The Long March was a military retreat undertaken by the Chinese Communist Party in