What was the primary philosophy that influenced the political landscape in Korea during the Joseon Dynasty?

• A. Shamanism
• B. Confucianism
• C. Buddhism
• D. Taoism

Answer: (B)

The primary philosophy that influenced the political landscape in Korea during the Joseon Dynasty was Confucianism. This ideology became the cornerstone of the Joseon state, shaping its governance, social structures, and educational systems. Confucianism emphasized the importance of hierarchy, filial piety, and moral integrity, which were believed to create a well-ordered society.

Under the Joseon Dynasty, Confucian scholars held significant power, and their ideas permeated every aspect of life. The civil service examinations were primarily based on Confucian texts, ensuring that government officials were well-versed in these teachings. This further entrenched Confucian principles in political theory and practice, promoting a bureaucratic system that valued merit and scholarship over hereditary privilege.

In contrast, while Shamanism, Buddhism, and Taoism were present in Korea, they did not play as pivotal a role in the governance of the state during the Joseon era. Shamanism was more focused on spiritual practices and local beliefs. Buddhism, though historically influential, faced decline during the Joseon period as Confucian ideals rose in prominence. Taoism also had its proponents but did not significantly impact the political framework in the same manner that Confucianism did.