Which empire controlled Korea before Japanese annexation in 1910?

• A. The Ming Dynasty
• B. The Joseon Dynasty
• C. The Qing Dynasty
• D. The Mongol Empire

Answer: (B)

The Joseon Dynasty is the correct answer because it was the ruling dynasty in Korea from 1392 until the Japanese annexation in 1910. Founded by Yi Seong-gye, the Joseon Dynasty developed a distinctive Korean identity, emphasizing Confucian ideals, which strongly influenced the country's culture, politics, and society. Under Joseon, Korea experienced significant developments in literature, science, and the arts, as well as the establishment of a structured government that operated under Confucian principles.

During its rule, there were periods of both relative peace and conflicts with neighboring states, but it remained the dominant power in the Korean Peninsula until the encroachment of imperial powers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, culminating in Japan's annexation.

In contrast, the Ming Dynasty, although powerful and influential, was based in China and did not have direct control over Korea. The Qing Dynasty succeeded the Ming and did exert some influence over Korea, but it was not until after the Joseon Dynasty was weakened that Japan could successfully annex Korea. The Mongol Empire, while historically significant, did not control Korea during the time leading up to Japanese annexation; instead, it had influence centuries earlier during the 13th